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LURE DESIGN
Crank Bait: An artificial bait commonly designed to replicate a game fish food source whose inherent behavior is activated by forward motion through the water. Crank Baits may also be considered "Trolling Lures".
Hook Set: One, or a set of fish hooks that can be single tined, double tined or triple tined.
Jerk Bait: An artificial fishing bait with no inherent behavior. Commonly designed to suspend in water, or sink very slowly. The fisherman will apply a twitching or jerking motion to his rod tip in order to make the bait dart through the water. The lure behavior is operated by he fisherman. Some fishermen call this: "walking the dog". Hot melt PVA is an excelent material, and system for making Jerk Baits, and small Crappie jig lures.
Lure Behavior: All artificial baits are designed to replicate a game fish food source, or a live animal. In all cases; the bait is designed to replicate the natural behavior of that animal. Most commonly; the bait is designed to perform a swimming motion when pulled (forward motion) through the water.
Lure Body: The body of an artificial bait. That device that looks like a live animal, and activates the baits inherent behavior. Wood, steel and rigid plastic lure bodies also hold hook sets, and line tying eyes.
Lure Body (Disposable): A particular type of artificial bait body designed by TRUEFLEX Imagineering, that allows the hook set harness to be removable, and reused.
Lure Body Trailers: Attachments to the rear of the lure body. Used to give the lure more size, or to enhance the lures’ action, or behavior. Trailers are most commonly made of rubber skirts, feathers or soft plastics.
Mechanical Drawing: A scale drawing of a device that illustrates all dimensions, and views.
Scent Bladder: TRUEFLEX Imagineering SUPER LURES are designed to have cavities in the belly of the lure that hold Tungsten Carbide Putty for fine tunning of ballast, or making the lure to be true zero buoyancy. Any left over space in such cavities can be filled with paste scenting materials. The Super Lure will leave a natural smell, in it's path, for the game fish to follow.
Top Water Bait: A Top Water Bait is much like a Crank Bait. It's inherent behavior is activated by forward motion. It is designed to replicate a natural game fish food source that would normally live on, or near the surface; such as a frog, water-dog, or other small animals (birds & mice etc.) that have fallen into the water. It is also known as a surface disturbance lure.
MOLD MAKING
Cavity/Impression: The two or more hollow parts of a mold that contain the negative of the part.
Dowels/Guidpins: Used to mate mold cavities align.
Ejector Pins: Push the part out of the mold as it is opened.
Glass Facing: Creating a “Glass Flat” surface on Sculpting Blocks, or Mold Faces by placing a piece of sand paper onto a glass surface, and sanding the surface of the block, or mold face until it is as flat as the glass surface.
Glass Face Pressing: When M&CC is cast into an open casting form, the M&CC will warp slightly during curing. Glass face pressing is a method of truing the concave side of the mold block to a glass like finish. See PROCEDURES>Book 2,>Mold Making for complete instructions on Glass Face Pressing.
Master Plug: An original fishing lure design that has been fashioned from wood, or other, carving, or sculpting material. The Master Plug is used to create the mold master plug cavity. The Master Plug is a final model of all future parts to be made exactly the same as it is.
Mold & Casting Compound (M&CC): A seni-liquid paste made of polyester resins and inert fillers. Used here to make master plug sculpting blocks, master plugs, and mold blocks.
Mold Cavity: A negative impression of the master plug. The mold cavity is filled by various methods, with various materials to create a part. Used here to create fishing lure bodies.
Mold Cavity Air Relief Sprue: A small channel cut into the mold face that allows the displacement of air from the master plug cavity as the cavity is filled with injected material.
Mold Cavity Pressing: A method of pressing the master plug into the mold face to create a negative cavity of the master plug.
Mold Release: TRUEFLEX Mold & Casting Compound (MCC), Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA). and Polywood (Urethane Polymer) are very powerful adhesives. TFI Mold Release is formulated to create a microscopic film that prevents these materials from adhering to themselves, or each other during mold making, and lure making. Other mold release agents are featured in FACTORY>Materials.
Mold Cavity Slip Boot: A mold tool the same size and shape as the line to hook-set harness plate that is fitted inside the mold prior to injecting. The Mold Cavity Slip Boot will create a slot in the lure body that will accept the a removable line to hook-set harness plate. Or; in the case of TFI, Super Lures, a slot in the lure body for the insertion of Tungsten Carbide Putty Ballast, and/or scenting materials.
Mold Face: That surface of a mold half that contains the master plug cavity, Injection Canal (gate), air sprues, mold tools, and mold registration pins.
Mold Flash: Unwanted mold over-fill material. Mold Flash occures during the injection process when the opposing mold faces are allowed to sepereate slightly by over pressuring the mold, or loose mold clamps. Mold Flash appears on the lure body as a thin seam that must be removed. Unavoidable Mold Flash is the injection canal (gate), and air sprues.
Mold Injection Canal (also known as the material injection gate): A channel cut into both mold halves that accepts the injection nozzel, and allows the injected material to flow into the mold master plug cavity.
Mold Registration: The accurate aligning of both master plug cavities.
Mold Registration, Pin & Socket: A pin that protrudes from one mold half, and fits into an opposing socket, on the opposing mold half causing the mold master plug cavities to align to each other.
Mold Tool Bed: Mold Tool Beds are cut into the mold faces, and are designed to hold various mold tools in position during the injection process.
Ripping The Compound: Ripping the compound as a method of removing tiny air bubbles from the M&CC during the casting process. It is a method of causing the M&CC to string out into a thin stream while being poured into a casting dam, or rough cut mold cavity. Demonstrated in PROCEDURES>BOOK-1>Lure Design.
MOLDING (Casting - Injecting)
Cast: To form plastic objects by pouring a fluid system into an open mold.
Cold Flow: Material that is too cool when injected will get a dull surface finish.
Core: A protruding (or male) mold component.
Crazing: A fine mesh of cracks.
Degating: Separate parts from runners.
Distortion: A warped molding,or part.
Dwell: A delay time after filling the mold.
Ejector Pins: Push the part out of the mold as it is opened.
Feed: The volume of plastic injected into the mold as it is advanced. This can be set to very precise volumes with METER-MIX systems.
Flash: A thin flat section that has "squirted" out of the mold.
Gassing: Trapped gas marks and burns the mold.
Gates: The entry port between the runners and the parts.
Injection: The forcing of molten PVA into the mold master plug cavity. Also using the Meter-Mix System to pump RTV Polymer Urethane (Polywood) resins into a mold cavity.
Injector: A hand held, or mechanical apparatus system that melts, and holds melted PVA. It has a squeeze trigger pump that forces the PVA out of the injector, and into the mold master plug cavity, at low pressure. Larger (up to 10 gallon) PVA injection equipment is also available. See FACTORY>Equipment. This also includes METER-MIX Systems.
Inserts: Parts placed in the mold before closure and injection. These become an embedded part of the final product. Also; AKA: Mold Tools.
Nozzle: The plastic is ejected through the nozzle to the mold.
Purging: A few purging shots are made when changing the material.
Ram: Opens and closes the mold half holding platens.
Regrind: Reclaimed plastic from rejected parts. This applise most to reclaiming PVA (hot melt) materials.
Release Agent/Spray: A spray, such as silicone, or PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol), or TFI-MR, can be sprayed into tight molds to ease part removal.
Runners: Connect the gate to the sprue.
Shot: One injection of plastic.
Short shot: Insufficient plastic is injected.
Shrinkage: Reduction in size as mold cools.
Sinking: Surface deformation on parts. A common problem when injecting PVA in larger lures. This is easily fixed by making sure the air induction needle is open, and clear, or injector pressure remains on the master plug cavity until the part cools. More on this subject in PROCEDURES>Lure Making.
Sprue: A channel cut into the mold face that allows material to flow to each part cavity.
Vent (or air sprue): A small gap that allows air to escape as it is displaced by molten plastic.
Warped: Cooling stresses cause a part to twist, or warp, to a new shape. This occurs when working with melted plastic such as PVA’s. This only occurs, when working with RTV’s if the part is de-molded before it’s proper de-mold time.
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT
Airbrush: Is an aerosol device much like a paint gun; but much smaller (shapped like a large ink-pin). It can be adjusted to make a wide misting spray, or a line as small as a pencil line. Commonly used for model painting, or where fine detail is required.
Air induction needle valve: A somewhat needle shaped valve. Used here in lure making. Prior to injecting the mold master plug cavity with PVA the Air Induction Needle Valve must be closed. When the mold master plug cavity is filled with PVA the Air Induction Needle Valve is opened to allow air to be sucked into the lure body core. This in turn; prevents the lure body from imploding, and causing distortion.
Artists flat brush: A fine sable hair paint brush commonly used by artists for oil painting. The brush is pressed into a flat, square applicator. Used here to apply paste mold release to parts of the mold face by hand during mold, and lure making.
Barrel: The cylinder the injection screw sits in, or the Meter-Mix Assemble.
CNC Router: A depth and width router that follows a computerized path. The computer reads line drawings and causes the router to cut 3D objects.
Injector: This also includes METER-MIX, RTV (cold) Injection Systems. A hand held, or mechanical apparatus system that melts, and holds melted PVA. It has a squeeze trigger pump that forces the PVA out of the injector, and into the mold master plug cavity, at low pressure (hand held = 1oz to 7oz). Larger (up to 10 - 55 gallon) PVA, and RTV injection equipment is also available. See FACTORY>Equipment.
MMD: Meter-mix-dispense equipment. A dispensing machine that meters the proper amount of resin to hardener, mixes the two together in a static or dynamic mixer and dispenses the mixture.
Retaining Dam: The Retaining Dam is a casting form. It cam be made to hold any size, and thickness of M&CC. Basically; retaining dams are used to hold the semi-liquid M&CC until it hardens (cures) into a solid block.
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Glossary of Terms
LURE MAKING
Airbrush: Is an aerosol device much like a paint gun; but much smaller (shapped like a large ink-pin). It can be adjusted to make a wide misting spray, or a line as small as a pencil line. Commonly used for model painting, or where fine detail is required.
Air induction needle valve: A somewhat needle shaped valve. Used here in PVA lure making. Prior to injecting the mold master plug cavity with PVA the Air Induction Needle Valve must be closed. When the mold master plug cavity is filled with PVA the Air Induction Needle Valve is opened to allow air to be sucked into the lure body core. This in turn; prevents the lure body from imploding, and causing distortion from temperature change during PVA cooling. Don't be too concerned about this one. There are other methods of controlling distortion. See PROCEEDURES>Book Three>Lure Making.
Artists flat brush: A fine sable hair paint brush commonly used by artists for oil painting. The brush is pressed into a flat, square applicator. Used here to apply paste mold release to parts of the mold face by hand during mold, and lure making.
Ballast: A weight commonly made of lead. Used here to add weight to the fishing lure body the Ballast is placed in a location inside the lure body to cause its lowest center of gravity, or to balance the lure body causing the bottom of the lure body to face downward, and the top of the lure body to face upward. TRUEFLEX Imagineering "Super Lures" have adjustible ballast made of non-hardening, Tungsten Carbide Putty.
Ballast Alignment Tool: An “L” shaped tool used to position the ballast inside the mold master plug cavity prior to injecting PVA. This tool suspends the ballast inside the mold and will cause it to be in the desired position inside the lure body.
Ballast Lead: Is a precast slip sinker, up to one ounce. Used here as Ballast in lure bodies upto three inches long. It may also be cast in any shape, size or weight to be used as Ballast in much larger fishing lure bodies.
Catalyst (Polyester Resins): (Methyl-Ethel-Ketone-Peroxide (MEKP). Used as an additive that causes the chemical reaction bonding of polyester resin molecules. The bonding of resin molecules causes the resins to harden into a porous mass. This chemical reaction, or hardening of the resins is called curing.
Catalyze: Adding the catalyst to the resins at a time hardening of the resins is desired.
Cure: The process of hardening polyester, epoxy, and polymer resins by adding catalyst. Depending on the particular blend (for a specific application) of such resins, cure time varies greatly.
Cure time: Sometimes called: “Pot Life”. It is the time resins remain un-hardened, and flow after adding catalyst. It is also the time between adding catalyst to the resins, and the time the resins become completely hardened, or cured.
Delamination: The surface peels off in layers.
Hook Set Harness: Made of wire or laser cut steel sheet metal. Used here as an interior lure body skeleton with a line tying eye or hook fixing eye at either end. The Hook Set harness transfers stress and energy from the hook sets to the line.
Laser Cut Plate: A method of making Line & Hook-set Harnesses from various gages. of sheet metal.
Lure Body Seam: A vertical center line around the girth of the lure body caused by apposing mold halves during injection. Also called "Mold Flash".
Lure Body Seam Burning: The removal of PVA lure body seam flash by the application of heat. With other material lure bodies; this means removing mold flash with abrasives.
Light Stick: A two part cyanamid chemical reaction light contained within a clear plastic tube. Commonly referred to as a “Break & Shake Light Stick”. Used her to make fishing lures glow from the inside-out.
Master Plug: An original fishing lure design that has been fashioned from wood, or other, carving, or sculpting material. The Master Plug is used to create the mold master plug cavity. The Master Plug is a final model of all future parts to be made exactly the same as it is.
Micro Sequins (Holographic): Tiny disk like particles of specially treated Epoxy film the appear to be silver, yet reflect seperate colors from the light spectrum. Used here as a fish scale like surface. They are applied to the lure body during the injection process.
Scent Bladder: TRUEFLEX Imagineering SUPER LURES are designed to have cavities in the belly of the lure to hold Tungsten Carbide Putty for fine tunning of ballast, or making the lure to be true zero buoyancy. Any left over space in such cavities can be filled with paste scenting materials. The Super Lure will leave a natural smell, in it's path, for the game fish to follow.
MATERIALS
A-B Compounds (Materials): Acrylics, Epoxies, Silicones, Urethanes and Polyesters. Any material that requires the blending of two components, x-parts resin to x-parts catalyst, that cause the formation of a third, or final material. Rubber or rigid plastic. Fillers are commonly added to the resin prior to blending with a catalyst that further alter the properties of the final material.
A-Stage: An early stage in the reaction of certain thermosetting resins in which the material is fusible and still soluble in certain liquids.
Accelerator: A chemical additive which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and thereby reduces the gel time and cure time. Another term is promoter.
Adhesion: The property of forming a steady or firm attachment.
Adhesive Failure: The failure at the bond line between a substrate and an adhesive; the adhesive separating entirely from the substrate.
Aging: The change in properties of a material with time under specific conditions. Ambient Temperature. The temperature of the surrounding environment.
B-Stage: The intermediate stage during the curing process when the material has gelled but is not fully cured.
Bond Strength: A measure of force or pressure required to separate a layer of material from its base.
C – Stage: The final stage in the reaction of certain thermosetting resins in which the material is relatively insoluble and infusible. Certain thermosetting resins in a fully cured state are in this stage.
Catalyst: A material which initiates and/or accelerates a chemical reaction.
Catalyst (Polyester Resins): (Methyl-Ethel-Ketone-Peroxide (MEKP). Used as an additive that causes the chemical reaction bonding of polyester resin molecules. The bonding of resin molecules causes the resins to harden into a porous mass. This chemical reaction, or hardening of the resins is called curing.
Cohesion: The internal affinity of a material to itself.
Cohesive Failure: Failure within the adhesive under a stress, resulting in a broken bond with all adherent surfaces still covered with adhesive.
Compressive Strength: A measure of the resistance of a material to a crushing load. Measured in pounds/square inch or megapascals.
Copolymer: A compound resulting from the chemical reaction of two chemically different monomers with each other.
Cross-Linking: Reacting together large molecules to change the physical properties of material. Cross-linking involves formation of a three dimensional molecular network with thermosetting resins.
Cure Cycle: The time and temperature necessary for a material to reach most of its optimum properties.
Cure Time: The time for reacting thermosetting plastic or rubber composition to reach certain properties. For materials which react under the conditions of mixing, the start of reaction is the time of initial exposure to the conditions necessary for reaction to occur.
Curing Agent (Hardener): A cross-linking agent that reacts with a resin to form a copolymer.
Curing Temperature: The temperature at which a material cross-links or cures.
Density: The weight per unit volume of a material. Measured in pounds/gallon, or kilograms/liter. Specific gravity is the density in kilograms/liter. Used here to measure a lure making material weight apposed the the weight of water.
Extender: An available or relatively inexpensive compatible material which can be added to a more valuable substance so as to increase the amount of material in useful form. The use of extenders may involve adulteration under some conditions.
Filler: An inert material added to a formulated system to improve properties and/or decrease cost.
Fisheye: Small globular mass which has not blended completely into the surrounding material and is particularly evident in a transparent or translucent material.
Flame Retardant: The property of a material that extinguishes a flame once the source of heat has been removed.
Flexural Strength: Ability of a material to withstand failure due to bending.
Gassing: The propensity of a material to form a gas during cure.
Gel Time: The time it will take a thermosetting material to become solid at a given temperature and mass.
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg): The temperature at which cured resins undergo a change from a glassy state to a softer more rubbery state.
Hardener: (AKA Catalyst) A material or mixture of substances added to a plastic composition which cross links another material, typically a polymer. See Curing Agent.
Hardness: Resistance of a material to deformation by indentation.
Impact Strength: The ability to withstand shock loading; or, work required to fracture under shock loading a specified test specimen in a specified manner. See IZOD Impact Strength.
Impregnate: To fill the voids of a material with a compound.
Light Stick: A two part cyanamid chemical reaction light contained within a clear plastic tube. Commonly referred to as a “Break & Shake Light Stick”. Used her to make fishing lures glow from the inside-out.
Diluent: A reactive or non-reactive additive whose primary function is to lower the viscosity and extend the material to which it was added.
Elasticity: That property of materials to tend to recover their original size and shape after deformation. (Memory) If the strain is proportional to the applied stress, the material is said to exhibit Hookean or ideal elasticity.
Elongation: The increase in length of a material when stress in tension. Measured as a percentage increase over the unstressed material.
Encapsulating: Enclosing an article in a closed envelope of a material.
Epoxy Resins: A specific type of chemical structure based on ethylene oxide. See READ ME>About Epoxy Resins.
Evacuation: The removal of entrained air from an Epoxy, Polyester, or Urethane Polymer system by vacuum. Also referred to as degassing.
Exotherm: The amount of heat given off by a chemical reaction, proportional to the mass. Hence; the term Thermo-set-Plastics, or RTV's (Room Temperature Vulcanizing). Some Polyester Resin mixes can generate too much heat to touch.
Mixing Ratio: The optimum amount of resin and hardener that gives the desired properties.
Moisture Absorption: The amount of water a material will absorb under certain conditions.
Moisture Resistance: The ability of a material to resist degradation from moisture in the air or when immersed in water.
Mold & Casting Compound (M&CC): A seni-liquid paste made of polyester resins and inert fillers. Used here to make master plug sculpting blocks, master plugs, and mold blocks.
Mold Release: TRUEFLEX Mold & Casting Compound (MCC), Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA). and Polywood (Urethane Polymer) are very powerful adhesives. TFI Mold Release is a simple 75% to 25% formula of "Polmolive" dish washing soap, and Isopropyl Alcohol (rubbing alcohol) This is formulated to create a microscopic film that prevents these materials from adhering to themselves, or each other during mold making, and lure making. Stright "from the bottle", dish washing soap" can be applied to any surface, as a release agent. Nothing sticks to soap. Other mold release agents are featured in FACTORY>Materials.
Mold Release, Paste: Dehydrated (dried-out) dish washing liquid. Pour dish washing liquid (Palmolive is best) into a dish. When the water and alcohol evaporate from the liquid, it will turn into a thick past. This is used when a very small, but accurate application of release agent is necessary. Use a small paint brush to apply.
Organic: Composed of matter or chemicals of hydrocarbon origin (plant life), (not to be confused with a modern, and popular term that refers to organic gardening.....er such.
Orange Peel: Uneven surface somewhat resembling an orange peel.
Polymers: The chemical category of plastics.
Powder: A finely ground material.
Preheating: Plastic may be heated before use to remove moisture contaminants. Mold and Lure Making Materials may take in condinsation while being stored for long periods. "Preheating" does not mean boil the material. It simply means: allow the material to breath at higher than room temperature for a few hours. Stiring containers of materials, with the lid off, helps.
Primer: As it is used here; a polyester based material that contains a large amount of inert solids. It is used to fill minute imperfections in the master plug surface prior to hard coating with polyester gel coats.
Shelf Life: The amount of time a material may remain useable in its original containers.
Silicone: Polymeric materials composed of molecules of silicon and oxygen.
Solvent: A liquid substance which dissolves other substances. Believe-it-or-not: Water is the most powerful solvent on Earth.
Specific Gravity: The ratio of the weight of any volume of a mass or substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at given temperature. The specific gravity of a substance times the density of water equals the density of the substance. See READ ME>Conversions & Formulas.
Spot Putty: A lacqure based puty (comes in a tooth paste like tube) that is very much like Primer. However; it is applied in a paste form. Used here to fill small pin holes in the master plug body caused by air bubbles in the M&CC compound during master plug sculpting block casting.
Substrate: Any material on whose surface an adhesive is spread for bonding or coating.
Tensile Strength: The ultimate pulling force required to break a material. Measured in pounds/sq. Inch or megapascals.
Thermal Conductivity: A measure of a material's ability to conduct heat. Measured in BTU-inch/hours-square foot/°F or calorie-centimeters/second-square centimeters/°C. Consider that Aluminum heats, and cools faster than most other elements.
Thermoplastic: A plastic which will repeatedly flow under the application of heat and pressure. Not to be confused with:Thermo-set Plastics, or RTV's.
Thermoset: A plastic material that is capable of being changed into a non-melting or insoluble product by heat or chemical means. A Catalyzed RTV Polymer, such as Polyester, Urethane Polymer, and Epoxy resins.
Thixotropic: Describes materials that will not flow unless agitated or forced through an orifice. Shear thinning.
Thixotropy: False body. The property of a paste or fluid to thicken or set up to a paste or a semi-gel when allowed to stand. Agitation breaks it down but further standing will again permit a viscosity rise.
Urethane: A polymeric material that is formed by the use of an Isocyanate base chemical.
Viscosity: A measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow or the internal friction within the body of fluid. Measured in Centipoises or Pascal seconds. See READ ME>About Viscosity.
Water Absorption: The ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a material to the weight of the dry material.
Wetting: The thorough impregnation of a material by a liquid. The more viscous a fluid, and the higher its surface tension, the more difficult it is for the liquid to "wet" materials. Certain additives can reduce surface tension or viscosity and improve wetting properties, allowing the material to flow out more. This term normally applies to fiberglass fabrication. Wetting the glass fiber with resin.
Working Time: The time a material may be handled, blended, cast or injected before it begins to cure (thicken). See "Pot Life".
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